I've peeled my button mushrooms since cooking with a friend once, who did it, but I've never understood why, if at all, it's advisable.

Searching shows a fairly wide range of opinions but I see no reason attached to either side.

Is it purely aesthetic?

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I don't peel mine, I brush them. From what I remember, most of the nutrients are in the skin. In Australia at least, Australian Mushroom Growers Association recommend not to: powerofmushrooms.com.au/health-nutrition/health-nutrition/… "If there is some residual compost still on the mushroom when you buy them, just brush it off. [ ... ] There is no need to peel mushrooms either; they can be consumed as purchased." – Ming Dec 24 '14 at 7:52

The only motivation I'm aware of for peeling button mushrooms other than wanting a very clean, white appearance is to remove dirt, dust, grit, compost, etc. from the surface without the trouble of brushing or washing. It's arguably quicker to peel mushrooms than to brush them (though not in my experience) and many people don't like washing them because they absorb a little bit of the water, which is counter-productive when e.g. sauteing. However, peeling them means you are wasting some of your ingredients, and even a very dirty button mushroom is trivial to clean by washing or brushing.

I rarely find it necessary to clean supermarket mushrooms at all as they tend to be very clean on the shelf. If they're dusty, a gentle pat with a clean, damp sponge does the trick. I would advise against peeling unless you're going for a specific visual presentation that requires it.

See also: How to clean mushrooms?

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I don't peel mine, or didn't until I found a "working woman" cookbook which used the stems & peels to make mushroom stock for soup the day after making grilled mushrooms. Aside from doing that, I've never done it. You need to be doing a lot of mushrooms to make this cost effective and I don't think mushrooms freeze well, so that's out.

It's my understanding that peeling mushrooms is like washing meat, advice previously given as a default and no longer viewd that way. Washing meat is considered dangerous now. I think that the mushroom thing is optional at this point, mostly I do NOT, unless I plan to make soup the next day!

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I always peel my mushrooms if purchased from the bulk department. Just watch the other store patrons sneeze,cough, hack over the produce and you will become a peeler too.

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Argument against one of the comments above: mushrooms can freeze well depending on the use afterwards. I wouldn't slice and freeze them to sauté later, they'd be mushy. However, I always cook with peeled caps, and save both stems and peels in the freezer to make broth later. They'll stay in the freezer for a long time and if they're just getting boiled and reduced down you don't need to worry about their texture.

I peel them specifically to build up my "stockpile" though. All the parts, cap, skin and stem, are good for cooking up. I just hate the idea of wasting caps in broth, so I set aside the not-as-desirable parts for that. I can cook a dish with just caps, but not with just stems and/or skins.

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Welcome! I'm sorry to say it but we have a strict policy that questions need to answer the main question - in this case "why should or shouldn't I peel mushrooms?" Answers that are responses to other answers or comments are likely to be deleted. Please consider editing your question to focus on answering the primary question. – Catija Nov 26 '17 at 6:18
    
I think we can keep this answer because it is also usable without knowing what the other answer said - it gives suggestions when to peel and when to not peel. In general, what Catija said is right, but it seems we can make the exception this time. – rumtscho Nov 26 '17 at 14:33

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